Rain Water Harvesting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2240 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/17 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? RAINWATER HARVESTING Other Information In the present scenario management and distribution of water has become centralized. People depend on government system, which has resulted in disruption of community participation in water management and collapse of traditional water harvesting system. As the water crisis continues to become severe, there is a dire need of reform in water management system and revival of traditional systems. Scientific and technological studies needs to be carried out to assess present status so as to suggest suitable mitigative measures for the revival to traditional system/wisdom. Revival process should necessarily be backed by peoples initiative and active public participation. Living creatures of the universe are made of five basic elements, viz. , Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Sky, Obviously, water is one of the most important elements and no creature can survive without it. Despite having a great regard for water, we seem to have failed to addres s this sector seriously. Human being could not save and conserve water and it sources, probably because of its availability in abundance. But this irresponsible attitude resulted in deterioration of water bodies with respect to quantity and quality both. Now, situation has arrived when even a single drop of water matters. However. better late than never, we have not realized the seriousness of this issue and initiated efforts to overcome those problems. System of collection rainwater and conserving for future needs has traditionally been practiced in India. The traditional systems were time-tested wisdom of not only appropriate technology of Rainwater Harvesting, but also water management systems, where conservation of water was the prime concern. Traditional water harvesting systems were Bawaries, step wells, jhiries, lakes, tanks etc. These were the water storage bodies to domestic and irrigation demands. People were themselves responsible for maintenance to water sources a nd optimal use of water that could fulfill their needs. What is Rainwater harvesting? The term rainwater harvesting is being frequently used these days, however, the concept of water harvesting is not new for India. Water harvesting techniques had been evolved and developed centuries ago. Ground water resource gets naturally recharged through percolation. But due to indiscriminate development and rapid urbainzation, exposed surface for soil has been reduced drastically with resultant reduction in percolation of rainwater, thereby depleting ground water resource. Rainwater harvesting is the process of augmenting the natural filtration of rainwater in to the underground formation by some artificial methods. Conscious collection and storage of rainwater to cater to demands of water, for drinking, domestic purpose irrigation is termed as Rainwater Harvesting. Why harvest rainwater ? This is perhaps one of the most frequently asked question, as to why one should harvest rainwater . There are many reasons but following are some of the important ones. To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table To beneficiate water quality in aquifers To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon To reduce soil erosion To inculcate a culture of water conservation How to harvest rainwater: Broadly there are two ways of harvesting rainwater: (i) Surface runoff harvesting (ii) Roof top rainwater harvesting Surface runoff harvesting: In urban area rainwater flows away as surface runoff. This runoff could be caught and used for recharging aquifers by adopting appropriate methods. Roof top rainwater harvesting (RTRWH): It is a system of catching rainwater where it falls. In rooftop harvesting, the roof becomes the catchments, and the rainwater is collected from the roof of the house/building. It can either be stored in a tank or diverted to artificial recharge system. This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augment ing the ground water level of the area. Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting system The illustrative design of the basic components of roof top rainwater harvesting system is given in the following typical schematic diagram/ The system mainly constitutes of following sub components:  § Catchment  § Transportation  § First flush  § Filter The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting system. It may be terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. The terrace may be flat RCC/stone roof or sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes rainwater to the harvesting system. Transportation Rainwater from rooftop should be carried through down take water pipes or drains to storage/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity. Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and down take pipe. At terraces, mouth of the each drain sh ould have wire mesh to restrict floating material. First Flush First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first shower of rains needs to be flushed-off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable water by the probable contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It will also help in cleaning of silt and other material deposited on roof during dry seasons Provisions of first rain separator should be made at outlet of each drainpipe. Filter There is always some skepticism regarding Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting since doubts are raised that rainwater may contaminate groundwater. There is remote possibility of this fear coming true if proper filter mechanism is not adopted. Secondly all care must be taken to see that underground sewer drains are not punctured and no leakage is taking place in close vicinity. Filters are used fro treatment of water to effectively remove turbidity, colour and microorganisms. After first flushing of r ainfall, water should pass through filters. There are different types of filters in practice, but basic function is to purify water. Sand Gravel Filter These are commonly used filters, constructed by brick masonry and filleted by pebbles, gravel, and sand as shown in the figure. Each layer should be separated by wire mesh. Charcoal Filter Charcoal filter can be made in-situ or in a drum. Pebbles, gravel, sand and charcoal as shown in the figure should fill the drum or chamber. Each layer should be separated by wire mesh. Thin layer of charcoal is used to absorb odor if any. PVC- Pipe filter This filter can be made by PVC pipe of 1 to 1. 20 m length; Diameter of pipe depends on the area of roof. Six inches dia. pipe is enough for a 1500 Sq. Ft. roof and 8 inches dia. pipe should be used for roofs more then 1500 Sq. Ft. Pipe is divided into three compartments by wire mesh. Each component should be filled with gravel and sand alternatively as shown in the figure. A layer of charc oal could also be inserted between two layers. Both ends of filter should have reduce of required size to connect inlet and outlet. This filter could be placed horizontally or vertically in the system. Sponge Filter It is a simple filter made from PVC drum having a layer of sponge in the middle of drum. It is the easiest and cheapest form filter, suitable for residential units. Methods of Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting Storage of Direct use In this method rain water collected from the roof of the building is diverted to a storage tank. The storage tank has to be designed according to the water requirements, rainfall and catchment availability. Each drainpipe should have mesh filter at mouth and first flush device followed by filtration system before connecting to the storage tank. It is advisable that each tank should have excess water over flow system. Excess water could be diverted to recharge system. Water from storage tank can be used for secondary purposes such as washing and gardening etc. This is the most cost effective way of rainwater harvesting. The main advantage of collecting and using the rainwater during rainy season is not only to save water from conventional sources, but also to save energy incurred on transportation and distribution of water at the doorstep. This also conserve groundwater, if it is being extracted to meet the demand when rains are on. Recharging ground water aquifers Ground water aquifers can be recharged by various kinds of structures to ensure percolation of rainwater in the ground instead of draining away from the surface. Commonly used recharging methods are:- a) Recharging of bore wells ) Recharging of dug wells. c) Recharge pits d) Recharge Trenches e) Soak ways or Recharge Shafts f) Percolation Tanks Recharging of bore wells Rainwater collected from rooftop of the building is diverted through drainpipes to settlement or filtration tank. After settlement filtered water is diverted to bore wells to recharge deep aqui fers. Abandoned bore wells can also be used for recharge. Optimum capacity of settlement tank/filtration tank can be designed on the basis of area of catchement, intensity of rainfall and recharge rate as discussed in design parameters. While recharging, entry of floating matter and silt should be restricted because it may clog the recharge structure. first one or two shower should be flushed out through rain separator to avoid contamination. This is very important, and all care should be taken to ensure that this has been done. Recharge Pits Recharge pits are small pits of any shape rectangular, square or circular, contracted with brick or stone masonry wall with weep hole at regular intervals. to of pit can be covered with perforated covers. Bottom of pit should be filled with filter media. The capacity of the pit can be designed on the basis of catchment area, rainfall intensity and recharge rate of soil. Usually the dimensions of the pit may be of 1 to 2 m width and 2 to 3 m deep depending on the depth of pervious strata. These pits are suitable for recharging of shallow aquifers, and small houses. Soak away or Recharge Shafts Soak away or recharge shafts are provided where upper layer of soil is alluvial or less pervious. These are bored hole of 30 cm dia. up to 10 to 15 m deep, depending on depth of pervious layer. Bore should be lined with slotted/perforated PVC/MS pipe to prevent collapse of the vertical sides. At the top of soak away required size sump is constructed to retain runoff before the filters through soak away. Sump should be filled with filter media. Recharging of dug wells Dug well can be used as recharge structure. Rainwater from the rooftop is diverted to dug wells after passing it through filtration bed. Cleaning and desalting of dug well should be done regularly to enhance the recharge rate. The filtration method suggested for bore well recharging could be used. Recharge Trenches Recharge trench in provided where upper imp ervious layer of soil is shallow. It is a trench excavated on the ground and refilled with porous media like pebbles, boulder or brickbats. it is usually made for harvesting the surface runoff. Bore wells can also be provided inside the trench as recharge shafts to enhance percolation. The length of the trench is decided as per the amount of runoff expected. This method is suitable for small houses, playgrounds, parks and roadside drains. The recharge trench can be of size 0. 50 to 1. 0 m wide and 1. 0 to 1. 5 m deep. Percolation tanks Percolation tanks are artificially created surface water bodies, submerging a land area with adequate permeability to facilitate sufficient percolation to recharge the ground water. These can be built in big campuses where land is available and topography is suitable. Surface run-off and roof top water can be diverted to this tank. Water accumulating in the tank percolates in the solid to augment the ground water. The stored water can be used direc tly for gardening and raw use. Percolation tanks should be built in gardens, open spaces and roadside green belts of urban area. Dos and Don’ts Harvested rainwater is used for direct usage or for recharging aquifers. It is most important to ensure that the rainwater caught is free from pollutants. Following precautionary measures should be taken while harvesting rainwater:- Roof or terraces uses for harvesting should be clean, free from dust, algal plants etc. Roof should not be painted since most paints contain toxic substances and may peel off. Do not store chemicals, rusting iron, manure or detergent on the roof. Nesting of birds on the roof should be prevented. Terraces should not be used for toilets either by human beings or by pets. Provide gratings at mouth of each drainpipe on terraces to trap leaves debris and floating materials. Provision of first rain separator should be made to flush off first rains. Do not use polluted water to recharge ground water. Ground water should only be recharged by rainwater. Before recharging, suitable arrangements of filtering should be provided. Filter media should be cleaned before every monsoon season. During rainy season, the whole system (roof catchment, pipes, screens, first flush, filters, tanks) should be checked before and after each rain and preferably cleaned after every dry period exceeding a month. At the end of the dry season and just before the first shower of rain is anticipated, the storage tank should be scrubbed and flushed off all sediments and debris. GeneralDivisionsLegislationInformationCourt CasesNoticesStandardsContactHomeIntroductionChairman AddressOrganization SetupBoard MembersField OfficesTechnical HSMD MonitoringWater Cess Research CenterPublic RelationZoning AtlasEstablishment Accounts ERCConsent ManagementNRCP Bio-Medical wasteSolid WasteMinesPlastic waste Mgt Batteries Mgt IntroductionSurface Water Cat. Ganga Action PlanScope in M. P. Present StatusMargdarshikaHaz. Was te (M,H TBM) RulesWaste GenerationPLI ACTStatus of PLIEcomarkMSIHC RulesAuthorisation_StatusCTSDFNHWMSAuthorization FeesIssue_StatusWater Cess ActYear wise AssessmentUtilisation of Fly AshNotification-1Notification-2Water Cess DueOnline cess submissionOffice OrdersTransfer PolicyRosterGradation ListCitizen CharterEmployee DatabaseProperty DeclarationBudgetLegislationRight To Information Act SSI/Cottage IndManualPublic NoticeTenders NotificationNoticesNew TendersEnvironmental Standards Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Rain Water Harvesting" essay for you Create order

Divorce Is More Common And Much More Socially Accepted...

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Business Environment in China Free Essays

Every country has its own rules and regulations according to the needs, requirements and environment of the business in that country. So for any company, thinking to expand the span of business to another country and wants to invest for long term in that country, especially where production in that country involves, it is very important to understand the business environment, government policies, restrictions and future perspective of business in that country. The business has to assess whether the company has ability to incorporate most of the business needs and it should also be considered that whether the culture of the company can be integrated with the culture of that country. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now So the business operations will be different in different ways which have been discussed below: Import/export restrictions: There are certain types of goods and services which may be prohibited in the country where the business has plan to expand. For example, in Islamic countries like Dubai, Saudi Arabia etc, it is prohibited to expert or import alcoholic products except in some situations. Certain types of quality measurement might be imposed on the companies in order to import goods in the country. Another aspect of restrictions regarding export are the restrictions regarding the quantity which is being exported by the company. Governments can restrict the quantity of any specific product or service to be exported in order to avoid shortage in home country. China has imposed custom levy on the import as well as export of the goods. In addition to this levy, china has fixed a quote for imports of different types of products in the country. These restrictions on imports allow the home countries to produce more for the residents of China and less amount will be spend on imports and hence improve trade surplus for China which will help China to increase foreign reserves and hence make the economy of China more strong. Recently, China has imposed different types of restrictions on the export of 17 metallic elements which are important for different types of manufacturing good which also includes inputs for automobiles as well as wind turbine. It has made a big issue in the world. Other export restrictions include export duties which comprises of three types; regular, temporary and special, export quota for certain types of goods including mass consumption goods. Export license is required to be the exporter (Ambler, T. , Witzel, M. Xi, C. , (2008). So if MNE has planned to come into the China for long-term investment, cost-benefit analysis should be carried out. However on the other hand, china support different types of exports and give reliefs for home productions which makes the business in china more attractive. Labor relations: It can be described as the relations between employers and employees, which are either unionized or non-unionized. Under the umbrella of labor relations, employees protect their labor right. Different countries have given authority to employees for their rights to different extents and as a result in some countries, labor has more power. So it should be considered while moving to another country that what are the conditions of labor relations in that country and hence how much the employees are powerful and how they can exert their power. It will help the companies to carry out stakeholder analysis as well as stakeholder mapping and hence can improve working conditions as well as can improve business operations. China has implemented labor relations law in 2008 (China Enacts Labor Relations Law, Effective in 2008, 2007). It has given more power to employees within the country. It has been made harder to lay off employees now. For the company like ACME or other MNE, it is very important to be noted that during last year, there was a strike by employees within factories in order to increase their wages. It was said by the employees at that time that companies are making huge profits and they are the people who are working behind the success of companies so their share must be increased and aligned with the profits of the company. So companies should understand the risk that low production costs, which are due to low wages, will no longer be attractive in future. Companies should make strategy to deal with the employees in a way which provides them job security, human rights protection, motivation along with the level of work required by the company. China’s manufacturing market is very feasible for labor intensive industries at the moment. Good relations between employers and employees can be made by providing good working conditions whether they will feel satisfied with their work. Supplier financing: It is the finance management in the situation where the products are being exported. All the credit terms are included in the contract between importer and exporter and credit agencies play their role in the process and reasonably insure that the contract terms will be fulfilled by importer and exporter will be able to receive payments. At the same time it also ensures that importer will not be liable, to the agreed extent, to pay the risks which can be the political risk or economic risks. Companies while trying to operate in other countries must think how much it is sure that they will be able to meet the contract terms and if own company or other company will not honor the contract then what will be role of supplier financing in it how the laws and regulations of countries will support to force the either company to honor the contract. Tax rules: Tax rules and policies play an important role in order to make the strategy for the business. Countries might have tax treaties with each other as a result company can have the benefit from it. Tax rules applied to foreign firms are sometimes stricter than for their home firm. Such type of tax rules decides that how the finance will be arranged and how the income distribution will be managed in order to increase the business for the company. Policy for deferred tax and tax policy for the export of products from china should also be considered. Many countries have higher tax rates which may also impact on the financial statements of the business. Tax treaties play an important role in the implications of taxation policies. If home country and the country where company wants to invest have tax treaties then it would be beneficial for the company as it will not have to face double taxation. China has incentivized companies by in regards of taxation. Tax rules have to be followed but they are not very strict. There are many companies which are enjoys tax rates as low as 15%. Many other companies have also lower tax rates by increasing the exports from China (CCH Tax Editor, 2008). Overall, China is an attractive market in regards of the incentivized tax rules. And hence it is feasible to invest in China. Depreciation Schedule: Depreciation has its impact on the financial statements of the business especially when the companies have high value for their fixed assets. Some countries allow capital allowance on depreciation and hence which becomes the source of tax savings. Straight line method and reducing balance methods etc are permitted methods in IFRS and IAS. China has flexibility in choosing the method of depreciation. However whichever method company has chosen, it will not be able to change the method in future. Depreciation will become the source of tax savings so company can choose any method which will provide more tax savings to the business. However it should be noted that companies are required to assess the suitability of depreciation method before selecting it. At the same time, companies are also required to check if depreciation needs to be revalued. All the information, regarding revalued depreciation amount and if new asset has been purchased, should be submitted to tax authorities. Minimum depreciation period in China is 20 years for land and buildings and for other types of fixed assets; it is 10 years (Yan, X. Pitt, D. , 2002). Companies have to think the time period for which the company is going to work in China. Currency properties and restrictions: It is the control over the inflow and outflow of cash by imposing different rules which are set in monetary policy of the country. It is also the control of fluctuations in currency rates within country using different ways like interest rates and money printing etc. These restrictions might impact on the business as they will not allow the company to export money from their country above some predefined level. It might affect the cashflow statement of parent company which is basically a foreign company. Currency properties restrictions might restrict the company to own properties in their country where the company is going to invest. Such types of consequences increases the risk of business as for a huge size factory, it might be required for the business to have its own premises as moving from one land to another land even within the same country is not an easy task (Riedel, J. , Jin, J. Gao, J. , 2007). China’s policy to keep its currency undervalue is the point of concern for most the countries in the world. China keeps the currency undervalued in order to support exports. It helps exporters to export for more Yuan for the export of one dollar. On the other hand, it discourages imports in China. So companies have to consider this type of currency control and should make policy regarding the restrictions by china on currency. Sources of long-term and Short-term debt: Companies are required to arrange finance for the expansion of business and to run the activities of the business smoothly in the long run. This finance can either be arranged either by raising equity of the company or it can also be arranged by debt as sometimes equity financing sometimes consume more time and shareholders’ WACC for the company is relatively high as compared to debt in most of the cases. Short term or long term debt includes loan from commercial banks or financial institutions and it will be measured that what is the interest rate for that short term finance and whether it is feasible for the company to arrange finance in foreign country or not. China is an attractive market because of easy sources of arranging debts. However china is going to make more strict changes in its short term debt policy. Treasury bills have been proved to be one of the most effective short-term debt tools in china. China has been proved to one of the most efficient market for long term debt especially in aisa. It is relatively easy to obtain long term debt at a competitive rate. Government of China is still working for more efficiency in long term debt market. Bonds are one of the most powerful long term debt tools for the companies working in China. Ethics: There must be integrity in the information provided to CEO. I will include the information about condition of human rights, labor welfare as well as all other information which belongs to the business. It is ethically necessary to provide the information because it will also help to protect the employees when company will start operating in China as company will already knew that what are the conditions are there and how these conditions can be improved (Norton, A. Hughes J. , 2009). Although it might have a bad impact on CEO but for the purpose of integrity as well as honesty, I will include all the information. However I will also include the outline solutions to the problems. How to cite Business Environment in China, Essay examples

Understanding the Films of Andrzej Wajda Essay Example For Students

Understanding the Films of Andrzej Wajda Essay Portraying intense love relationships throughout his war trilogy, Wajda creates significant romantic subplots that question if true love can exist during periods of war. Across these three films, Wajda highlights the idea that rules no longer apply to romantic relationships when love and politics mix. In A Generation, Wajda speaks on behalf of the tormented nation of Poland, and tells the stories of the masses of people bound by a common fate. Stach, who is the main character and the narrator of the film, is nothing but a young boy who is toying with danger. The young but more enlightened Dorota is the beautiful Communist that provokes Stach to join the anti-Nazi organization. The relationship that develops between Stach and Dorota is equal in meaning to that of Stach’s commitment to the cause: it is all a childish game. Drawn in by Dorota’s energetic spirit, Stach only becomes infatuated with her, initially that is where his motivation comes from and not the actual movement which she represents. Throughout the film Wajda creates this idea of collectivity when in actuality the characters were never a genuine group to begin with; not even Dorota and Stach in their proclamations of love. This is further conveyed in the scene where Stach, who has just left Dorota, is inside of a large empty heart that reads, â€Å"I shall wait for you. † This works as a premonition of what is to come; Stach stands alone in his childish games and will do no waiting for Dorota. In the end, little tears were shed for their collapsed relationship, Dorota’s capture is just the reality of the struggle and the Stach must persist in the fight. Kanal, the second in Wajda’s war trilogy, features meticulously combined narratives while following a band of surviving Polish Home Army soldiers in their last hours of life trying to avoid capture from the German Nazis. Before the soldiers begin their journey into misery and suffering in the sewers there is a great deal of sensuality. A brief period of relief offers us a chance to see them in their last hour of relaxation, playing music, contacting loved ones, sharing intimacies and striving as best they could to achieve some kind of normality, if there was any to strive for at all. During this period, Wise and Halinka are interrupted in bed together by Korab, â€Å"Now is not the time,† in which Wise respondes, â€Å"Now is precisely the time for it. † This statement suggests that Wise is more than aware that the fight has reached a point where winning is actually impossible, but he refrains from adding, â€Å"because we are going to die anyway,† at the end of it. This narrative is justified further when looking at the quote, â€Å"This lack of any sort of vision led him to see the world as a place in which nothing existed outside of naked force. It was a world of decline and fall. (Alpha, 113) In Kanal, Wajda presents to us a shattered society where romantic relationships have become almost savagely surreal; they only happen in moments of weakness and self delusion and continued till it collapses. This is why the character of Halinka, who declares, â€Å"It is easier to die when you are in love,† is so superbly identifiable. Like h er, the audience is given hope for the future through these romantic subplots (even while knowing beforehand that everyone was going to die) and our wishful hope is cruelly deceived as Wajda reminds us that, due to the circumstances, love cannot and will not save them. .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 , .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 .postImageUrl , .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 , .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622:hover , .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622:visited , .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622:active { border:0!important; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622:active , .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622 .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5a03d2a705793d08ce2ffef97c626622:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Film Study - The Godfather I and II EssayAshes and Diamonds is the final installment in Wajda’s war trilogy. This film reveals just how convoluted and difficult the reality of Wajda’s generation was. Set on the last day of the war, this film follows Maciek, a young Home Army soldier to remind us that while the end of the war may have meant the end of some hardships, it most definitely did not mean an immediate return to peace. Maciek is battle scarred and lacks self-control, a lack which causes his morals to be suspended between a past and a future Poland. When he is assigned to assassinate a Communist official his morals are tested. In the midst of carrying out this mission, Maciek meets Krystyna, a blond bartender. In order to attract her attention he carries out a rather flirtatious trick with his mug and then things become complicated. They immediately fall in love (or claim to) and quickly go to bed together, and this is when Maciek begins to question his devotion to the cause. Can he lead a â€Å"normal† life with Krystyna or should he continue a life of resistance? Without Krystyna, Maciek does not have the former option. Like Szczuka, Maciek is only a boy with a gun and he is too weak to leave the cause on his own, Krystyna offers that escape. Maciek says to Andrzej with Krystyna in the background, â€Å"Nothing in this country is serious anymore. † Offering the notion that he is only using love as an excuse to escape to benefit him; he is doing his own thing. Through his flirtatious charm he proves to be doing just that: flirting with the idea of restoring his moral responsibility through a new conventional life of love. In the end, his words and actions toward Krystyna prove to mean nothing. Maciek is no longer trapped in constant fluctuation of not knowing what â€Å"doing his own thing† and a â€Å"normal† life. He now understands what doing his own thing is; he must kill and his enjoyment of doing so causes him to overact which confirms to be deeply destructive. Wajda’s three war films contain intense and complicated romantic subplots that connect on similar levels. Time and again, Wajda ultimately asks the question: does love save? To put it simply, it does not. It did not save Maciek and Krystyna. It did not save the many characters in Kanal. And it did not save Dorota and Stach. In a time of war where social relationships fall away, love exists only as an escape; but it will not rescue you.

Billy Bathegate By EL Doctorow Essay Research free essay sample

Billy Bathegate By E.L. Doctorow Essay, Research Paper Billy Bathgate is an of import American novel in it # 8217 ; s portraiture of one immature adult male # 8217 ; s development from boyhood to adulthood. The novel is about a 15 twelvemonth old male child that gets taken under the wing of Dutch Schultz, a 1930 # 8217 ; s gangster seeking to maintain a clasp of his diminishing imperium. As the novel unfolds, so does the lifting adulthood of the tough immature adult male introduced to us as Billy Bathgate. Billy finds himself in state of affairss that most of us neer see in our whole life. In difference to the reactions that most people would hold in these state of affairss, Billy learns from them in order to break his function in the offense household. It is for these grounds that the immature 15 twelvemonth old male child rapidly develops into a adult male. Author Overview The novel was written in 1989 by a contemporary writer named E. We will write a custom essay sample on Billy Bathegate By EL Doctorow Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page L. Doctorow. Doctorow was born in 1931 and fantasized about the 1930 # 8217 ; s offense life as a kid. He is an American novelist, short narrative author, editor, litterateur, as good as a playwright. His plants include Big as Life, The Book of Daniel, Ragtime, Loon Lake, World # 8217 ; s Fair, , Lives of the Poets: Six Stories and a Novella, a drama entitled Drinks Before Dinner and of class his most recent work Billy Bathgate. Billy Bathgate is Doctorow # 8217 ; s most celebrated piece of literature. In fact, the book grasped so much attending that it was subsequently made into a film with an all star cast including Bruce Willis, Dustin Hoffman and Nicole Kidman. Although the movie left out a batch of item, as so many films based on novels tend to make, it was interesting to see the luxuriant item given to the vesture, attitude, and background that so accurately reflect the interior metropolis Bronx in the 1930 # 8217 ; s. Doctorow # 8217 ; s explicit, in writing item show his about captivation with offense and slaying. He about glamorizes the life of offense in Billy Bathgate. Critical Analisys Although Billy Bathgate was written rather late, there is an inflow of critical sentiment reflecting the esteem of Doctorow # 8217 ; s prowess in literature. # 8220 ; Critics marveled at Doctorow # 8217 ; s graphic description of New York City in the 1930 # 8217 ; s and of the horrific slayings committed by Dutch and his gang. # 8221 ; ( CLC volume 65 Author Overview ) # 8220 ; Billy Bathgate is intended as pure myth, a kind of Robin Hood for grown-ups. Other novels may be more psychologically elusive or emotionally resonating. But few of those celebrate, every bit good as Billy Bathgate does, the altogether, sometimes amoral energy of life, so frequently feared by the cautious and the prissily virtuous # 8230 ; Billy Bathgate, with it # 8217 ; s driving beat and hair-trigger images, is every bit brisk as a shooting of Dutch Schultz # 8217 ; s bootleg scotch. # 8221 ; ( Bemrose p. 58-9 ) Having read the first chapter of the novel, any reader would cognize precisely what Mr. Bemrose is speaking about. The fresh sort of grabs you and dares you to set it down because it knows that you can # 8217 ; t. Bemrose continues by stating # 8220 ; Billy Bathgate is a jubilation of life as good, peculiarly the life of young person, with it # 8217 ; s unbounded resiliency and semblances of immortality. # 8221 ; ( Bemrose 58-9 ) # 8220 ; He ( Doctorow ) is interested non in the abstractions of corruptness, but in the simple, emotional things of the condemnable existence-what it feels like to be a mobster, what moral and psychological existence one inhabit. It # 8217 ; s twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours mechanics and, possibly most significantly, how one survives a life of force. Therefore, underneath the soft prose of Billy # 8217 ; s voice, we are given glances of the homicidal danger of the condemnable life, and how the people who live it, peculiarly it # 8217 ; s leaders, maintain their caputs above water. # 8221 ; ( Clifford p.29 ) Puting Doctorow accomplishes the undertaking of animating the Bronx in the 1930 # 8217 ; s with flawlessness. Everything from the attitude of the depression to the reality of the pack scene is more than vividly expressed throughout the novel. It # 8217 ; s about like Doctorow paints the image of the 1930 # 8217 ; s in such an expressed mode that the reader can smell the tenseness of fiscal load in the air. # 8220 ; Critics marveled at Doctorow # 8217 ; s graphic descriptions of New York City in The 1930 # 8217 ; s # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( CLC vol. 65 Author Overview ) # 8220 ; Doctorow # 8217 ; s fresh makes full and loving usage of the manners, the artefacts, the relishs and the beat of the 30 # 8217 ; s. He is wonderfully adept at acquiring into the ideas and the slang of the time. # 8221 ; ( Eder p.3 ) Doctorow doesn # 8217 ; t merely convey us the mid-thirtiess, he brings us the mid-thirtiess that cipher else will. In the depression epoch, there were many things that were done for money because there was no option. Three of these things were theft, bootlegging, and packs, all of which seemed to come manus in manus with another. Billy and his stripling friends are common stealers until Dutch Schultz takes Billy under his wing. Dutch Schultz himself was on a moonshine tally when he met Billy. Equally far as the packs, good, the whole book is about packs. # 8220 ; In composing Billy Bathgate out of a male child # 8217 ; s divided truenesss, E.L. Doctorow has restored to The memory of American civilization the epoch of the Great Depression it has tried to bury. In retrieving the cultural bequest of the Depression epoch, Doctorow has produced a book that promises to stay as lasting an add-on to it # 8217 ; s civilization as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, it # 8217 ; s cultural predecessor. # 8221 ; ( Pease p.458-9 ) Doctorow does a dramatic occupation in animating the 30 # 8217 ; s in his latest novel Billy Bathgate. Word picture Doctorow besides does an first-class occupation in making characters that the reader can bask and fear. Billy can be characterized as a greedy, decieving, and underhand character in the novel. Billy continues to portray these qualities all the manner to the terminal of the novel. Doctor # 8217 ; s characters are so good created that the reader can acquire a feel of who they truly are. Billy is a really dynamic character in his ability to expose so many qualities throughout the novel. One of these qualities is his demand for greed. In fact the lone ground he even gets involved in the pack scene is becaus e dollar marks start turn overing in his eyes. Billy learns from Schmaltz’s comptroller, Abbadabba Berman, that money is the lone thing that is of import. Berman slips Billy money here and at that place and makes him a pupil of fiscal importance which aid in Billy’s greedy ways. This greed for money finally leads to Billy stealing Dutch Schultz’s luck at the terminal of the book. At the terminal of the novel, the storyteller ( Billy ) says that he was traveling to utilize the money to get down his ain offense household but neer truly reveals whether or non he did. He does uncover, nevertheless, that he used some of the money to acquire an Ivy League instruction that would explicate Billy # 8217 ; s huge vocabulary while narrating the novel. Billy is so avaricious that he watches Abbadabba Berman use the safe in order to memorise the safe codification in attempt to endorse knife his fatherlike figure Schultz. It is apparent to see that everything Billy does throughout the fresh exemplifies his passionate greed. Billy besides demonstrates that he is lead oning in his ain selfish ways. For illustration, when he steals Dutch Schultz # 8217 ; s money, he does non even believe twice about all the things that Schultz did for him. Schultz took Billy off the streets and made him a wealthy immature adult male in place to larn everything that Schultz and his pack can learn him. Billy did non even believe twice about that when he slept with his wise man # 8217 ; s lover. That is approximately every bit deceiving as a individual can acquire. You do non merely kip with your wise man # 8217 ; s adult female unless you have a serious decease want. If Billy would hold been caught, the constabulary would hold found him have oning cement boots at the underside of the ocean along side Bo Weinberg. This shows that Billy displays bravery every bit good. The mere fact that a 15 twelvemonth old male child would acquire assorted up in an organized offense household such as that of Dutch Schultz, shows that Billy is a brave. At 15 old ages old, Billy was watching people die at gun point. Speaking of being brave, he slept with Schult # 8217 ; z adult female. Billy was good cognizant of the things that Dutch Schultz did to people who did simple thing like prevarication to him. He watched people die for nil but Schultz # 8217 ; s intuition that they might endorse pang him. For Billy to kip with Dutch Schultz # 8217 ; s adult female shows that he is both brave and brave. Billy was beyond good cognizant of what Schultz was capable of because he has seen it with his ain eyes. Billy was besides good cognizant that the pack leader would non even believe twice about killing person who was disrespectful plenty to kip with his adult female. Despite all that, Billy continued to make things as he pleased and non acquire caught. In a manner, one c ould state that he learned all these unadmirable features by none other than Dutch Schultz himself. His wise man taught him everything that he knew. On the other manus, Billy was besides good cognizant that Dutch Schultz would non let anyone to disrespect him and go on to breath on his ain. Towards the terminal of the book, Billy becomes cognizant of Schultz # 8217 ; s program to kill his adult female because she was a informant to the slaying of Bo Wienberg who was her last lover. Billy heard this by easiness dropping on one of Schultz # 8217 ; s conversations that was non intended for Billy # 8217 ; s ears. Billy was besides trusted by Schultz to watch over Ms. Preston because he was merely 15. Schultz would hold neer thought that the two of them would hold a love matter. Because Billy promised Bo Wienberg that he would watch over her, he spoke with her homosexual hubby and had her whisked away before Schultz had a opportunity to hold her killed. This is yet another premier illustration of his disloyalty to Dutch Schultz, and his courage despite what could hold happened to him . All of these action besides show that Billy is Sneaky no affair what the effect may be. Let # 8217 ; s face it, despite all these actions, Billy neer gets caught. I feel that E. L. Doctorow does an highly impressive occupation in making word picture that keeps the reader so eager to expect what Billy # 8217 ; s following move is that when they fall asleep with the book on their face, they dream about it. Billy is an highly dynamic character that demonstrates qualities such as his greed, craftiness, and his cunning ability to pull off to non acquire caught with his underhand ways. Opinion of the novel Although I have non read many novels, I was surprisingly impressed with E.L. Doctorow # 8217 ; s Billy Bathgate. Equally shortly as you read the first chapter, you become every bit addicted as to it as Robert Downey Jr. is to cocaine. Equally pathetic as that may sound, anyone who reads the novel would surely hold. The secret plan, word picture, and expressed item given to the slayings of Dutch Schultz and his pack make this the absolute most interesting novel that I have of all time had the pleasance of reading. It is one of those novels that you merely can non set down if you try. Billy Bathgate is a critical American novel in it # 8217 ; s portraiture of a male child # 8217 ; s journey to go a adult male Bibliography Bemrose, John. # 8220 ; Turning Up in Gangland. # 8221 ; in Maclean # 8217 ; s Magazine. March 1989: 58-9. Vol. 102, No 12 Clifford, Andrew. # 8220 ; True-ish Crime Stories. # 8221 ; in The Listener. September 1989: p.29. vol. 122, no. 3131. Eder, Richard. # 8220 ; Siege Perilous in the Court of Dutch Schultz. # 8221 ; in Los Angeles Times Book Review. March 1989. p. 3. Kazin, Alfred. # 8220 ; Huck in the Bronx. # 8221 ; in The New Republic. March 1989. Pp.40-2. Leonard, John. # 8220 ; Bye Bye Billy. # 8221 ; in The Nation. April 1989. pp. 40-2. Vol. 200 no. 12 Pease, Donald E. # 8220 ; Billy Bathgate- a Review # 8221 ; America. May 1989. P. 458-59 Rubin, Merle. # 8220 ; Bathgate: Technique Surpasses Tale. # 8221 ; The Christian Science Monitor. March 1989. p. 13 Rushdie, Salman. # 8220 ; Billy the Streetwise Kid. # 8221 ; The Observer. September 1989. P.51 Tonkin, Boyd. # 8220 ; A Round Table Story. # 8221 ; New Statesman A ; Society. September 1989. P. 37 Tyler, Anne. # 8220 ; An American Boy in Gangland. # 8221 ; The New York Times Book Review. February 1989. P. 1, 46

Gavroche

Gavroche GavrocheGavroche might no be the protagonist of this novel, but nevertheless, his presence through the plot is essential for many reasons.At the begging when we meet Gavroche it appears to the reader that he is just a simple character who would not have much transcendence in the novel, the only thing that he was suppose to do was to tell Marius where Cosette lived.The novel continues and Gavroche reappears in the novel with a more important role in the plot. Gavroche is shown as a little boy who fights alone to survive because he has no family, he lives in a monument in a shape of an elephant and sometimes he has to steal things to sell them so he has something to eat.Poor is a characteristic of this character but he is poor only in the aspects money because he a person who has a big heart who is always willing to give away what he has to others.Gavroche

Symbolism of the Journey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Symbolism of the Journey - Essay Example She is worn out with fatigue, and many make it through many obstacles on her way. These include barbed wires, bushes, and thorns. On the other hand, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Frost is a poem concerning a speaker who travels along road, where he comes to a junction with two different roads and is in a dilemma concerning which one to take. The narrator alludes to the point the path had been travelled many times before, and it looks weary, though he is not sure he would be able to travel along the same path another time. Generally, the poem and the short story are about hardships, and dilemmas that the two speakers are involved in, with serious impediments along their determination to achieve their objectives. It takes both determination and perseverance for both speakers to travel their chosen paths to the end, though full of impediments and uncertainty. The stories are about decisions that are made in life, and the determination and struggles of many to make it through these life impediments, which are in most cases carved out by destiny, and not our choices. Frost opens the poem by introducing the audience to the dilemma facing the speaker, â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood and sorry I could not travel both† (Savoie, 2004). These first lines portray the speaker as being indifferent to which way to decide or act. The speaker is more confused, and wishes he could travel both roads simultaneously, as portrayed in his indecisiveness. He stares at the roads for a long time perhaps wondering on the right decision to make, and finding claims to support this decision. The poem speaks on the essential decisions made in life, the nature of choice of how to take one decision or one direction as compared to the other, evaluating how one feels about one direction taken, or which one decides not to take and many more life decisions (Pritchard, 1997). These decisions are vague and unclear, as the speaker is not able to foretell what lies a short dista nce ahead, as portrayed by the last line of the first stanza â€Å"to where it bent in the undergrowth.† The speaker expresses feelings of indifference in what lies ahead, as he cannot see well in advance; the path is dense with undergrowth. Frost presents this indecisiveness to express the feeling of the speaker in anticipating surprises and uncertainties on each road that he takes. Similar to Frost’s path, Phoenix in â€Å"Worn Path† presents a path that is ridden with obstacles and vagueness. The narrative is complicated by the nature of Phoenix as an old woman who struggles to go through this difficult path to get medicine for the ailing grandson. She is old and weak, but the thought of her grandson makes her undergo this tormenting journey. â€Å"While needed rest forces her to stop for a while, she has a vision of a little boy handling her slice of marble cake† (Gilson, 2002). The narrative presents a worn out lady, struggling in a lonely world, alm ost to give up, but thought of her objectives makes her bring out her inner strength to keep going on. Her poverty and the effects of age on her health are clear; one wonders if it was worthy for her to take this torturous path. This is portrayed when she admits â€Å"Something takes hold of me on this hill- pleads I should stay †(Welty, 151). Phoenix is tired and almost to give up his determination, with nature in the so lonely path feeling her weariness and urging her to rest. In Frost’

Action Plan for a Learning Organization Assignment

Action Plan for a Learning Organization - Assignment Example For example, the communications department may consist of employees whose skills are not equal. Some may be good in editing; some are better in copy writing and so on. The company should facilitate different skills training to help the employees level off their skills to help each other to finish their designated tasks. Communication systems are innate in any given organizations or companies. To â€Å"develop communication† system is redundant, the better option is evaluate whether the existing communication system is efficient or not. The graphics and design depart speak a different language from the communications team but their workloads are distinct but not separate that’s why the communication system must be open and improved. Communication system and processes differ per department because their functions are different as well. On the other hand, departments are inter-dependent that’s why the improvement of communication system is necessary. For example, the communication department has an entirely different purpose and function to the human resource department. A capacity building training and company orientation for the employees is needed to achieve this Some employees may only be concerned on the matters of their department without appreciating their department’s relevance to other department. The company should facilitate harmony and unity among its workers. It is insignificant if all employees know each other’s work deliverables especially if they don’t have anything to do with it. Gossiping may arise if all the information per department will be known or made available to all. For example, the communications, public relations and media team should foster open communication lines because their workloads are interrelated. However, it is still pleasant to have open communication lines among different departments. For example for a long time a company has been using Microsoft Office but

Employee Motivation At Utiliscan. Utiliscan case analysis Essay

Employee Motivation At Utiliscan. Utiliscan case analysis - Essay Example As the paper describes the situation at Utiliscan, it also provides motivation strategies and the motivational plan for the company. Introduction Considering the fact that the company has a tight financial constrictions, Paul should have focused on the problems that are experienced within the company and in the workplace environment. Lack of trainings among the employees would necessarily mean that there will be no improvement in the workforce, according to the eighty-nine percent, that would at the end, hinder promotions. These are some of the factors that would lessen the motivation of the employees with their work. Another thing that needs to be given proper attention is on the part of the competitive employees whose working so hard and efficiently but not given the proper and deserving salaries. It is the relationship of the salaries versus the performance which can demoralize employees who is performing well in their jobs but the payment is not according to the seventy-four perc ent of the survey. Strict supervision among the workplace in the company is also a problem that needs to be addresses as it has being manifested in the seventy-eight percent of the employees. Favoritism among the employees are also regarded as not good on the part of the company and benefits should be equally regarded and must also looked upon well according to fifty-four percent of the survey held by Paul. One of the main problems that needs to be given due course is the safety of the employees according to the forty-five percent of the survey result among the employees. These employees claim that they felt not being safe and satisfied with the health conditions in the workplace. Not being safe on the part of the employees or danger in the workplace would definitely be an accountability of the company. The best way to do business on the part of the company is to keep their employees safe from harm and danger. Without the satisfaction on the part of the employees with regard to thei r health would hold back or obstruct employee’s performance that would hinder them submitting their best in the company. Motivation Strategies One of the main jobs of a manager specifically in the workplace is to assure that things concerning the company must be done through the employees and to be able to attain this, managers are responsible to motivate the employees to get things done. In spite of the big number of research that was done inline with motivation of the employees with their work, the subject is still absurd or not clearly understood and in the process poorly practiced. Motivation, to be able to understand, must deal on the understanding of the human nature and there where the problems were usually manifested. The reality about the human nature lies on the fact that it can be very simple and up the same time can be very complex too. Learning the appreciation and understanding of the human nature is considered as a prerequisite to effectively motivate the workf orce in the workplace and in achieving this, vial requirement on the part of the company is to have an effective management and leadership (ACCEL team development, 2011). There are several motivational strategies that the managers could be considered in dealing with the problems in the company and the managers must necessarily be aware of the advantages as well as the disadvantages of each. It is relevant on the part of the manager how to effectively motivate the workers in the workforce to be efficient. How does the effectiveness would vary from certain situations to another? 1. Team work. Most of the managers are forming work groups to lower the level on the peer pressure. This is found to be an effective means of motivation 2.

Effects of Wnt-3a and Wnt-5a on Proliferation of HEK293 Cell

Effects of Wnt-3a and Wnt-5a on Proliferation of HEK293 Cell Letong YUAN 1. Outline how you decided how many cells, how many wells and how much Wnt to use.   Please do not repeat anything in the protocols your answer should just explain concisely and clearly how and why you designed the experiment in the way that you did (250 words max). We were provided with three cell lines but we decided to investigate the effect of both Wnt on the proliferation of one cell line, HEK293 cells, limiting the number of variables in the experiment. Unlike MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 which are breast cancer cell lines, HEK293 is derived from human embryonic kidney cells in tissue culture and are non-pathological. As the average doubling time of HEK293 is 24hours, we decided to seed HEK293 suspension cells at 1X105 cells/ml (suggested by Thermofisher ©) in each well containing 500 µl medium. We used 16 wells in total on two 24-well-culture plates, i.e. 8 wells on each plate as illustrated in figure 1. We used two identical plates as cells are not viable after PFA fixation. After 24 hours, as the cultures are in log phase, an escalating amount of Wnt, namely, 0, 5, 20 and 50ng, was added for the investigation of HEK293 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The amount of Wnt added was suggested by Reischmann et al, 2015 and limited by the amount of Wnt provided. 100 and 200ng could also be tested if enough Wnt were provided. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of amount of Wnt added in each well containing HEK293 cells. Two of these wells are used as cells on one plate was fixed after every 24 hours. 2. Describe your cultures non-quantitatively (i.e. qualitatively) (200 words max). At 0h, cells tend to be spherical or have elongated shapes and plump with a high density, then they were passaged. After 24h, cells attached to well surfaces as they settle down and then started to differentiate. Some cells have developed one or more antenna-like projections for better attachment and nutrition, while spherical ones are non-adherent. 2-9 cell clusters could be observed, whereas few dead cells were present. At 72h, cell clusters with more than 20 cells were normally seen. Being polar, HEK293 are fibroblastic cells. 3. Analyse one characteristic of your cultures quantitatively including a well-presented and informative graph and a photograph that illustrates the graphed result (think about what makes an informative graph). Have a look at some primary cell culture papers to see how data can be presented clearly and thoroughly. What should you always have on the graph of an experiment looking at the effects of a cell signal on cultured cells? The number of cells show an increasing trend with an increase amount of Wnt-5a added. The addition of 50ng results in almost twice as many cells as in 0ng. Wnt-5a triggers noncanonical signalling pathway. Anomalies in data are possibly because of a non-representative image taken. Its effect can be minimised by having replicates in this experiment. Another contributing factor is the inaccurate particle analysis by imageJ, whose effect can be minimised by taking the mean of numerous results. 4.Briefly suggest a possible mechanism behind your result or, if the ligand has no effect, suggest why this happened. Please note: no effect is not a failure there could well be solid ICB reasons why there was no effect recorded and you can still produce an excellent write-up (200 words max).   Ã‚   Wnt activates signalling cascade through canonical/ ÃŽ ²-catenin Wnt signalling pathway (e.g. Wnt-3a) or noncanonical/ ÃŽ ²-catenin independent Wnt signalling pathway (e.g. Wnt-5a).   In canonical pathway, Wnt binds to frizzled 7TM receptors. Then LRP 5 or LPR6 activates dishevelled (Dvl), triggering the inhibition of GSK3. ÃŽ ²-catenin accumulates in the cytoplasm because of the disassembly of the destruction complex containing APC, Axin and GSK3. In noncanonical pathway, ÃŽ ²-catenin is not involved. Daam1 activates small G-protein Rho, which activates ROCK. Figure 3 In the absence of Wnt, ÃŽ ²-catenin interacts with APC, axin, GSK3, and CK1 forming a degradation complex. The phosphorylation of ÃŽ ²-catenin triggers its degradation. Croucho kept Wnt-responsive genes inactive by binding to LEF1/TCF. The presence of Wnt clamps LRP and Frizzled protein together. The phosphorylation of cytosolic tail of LRP by members of degradation complex causes the disassembly of the destruction complex, which prevents the phosphorylation of ÃŽ ²-catenin and allow its accumulation. Excess ÃŽ ²-catenin can be translocated into the nucleus without degradation and it replaces Groucho and activates the transcription of target genes mediated by LEF1/TCF. These genes are essential to processes like cell attachment, cell proliferation and differentiation.   This explains the addition of Wnt promotes cell proliferation and differentiation. 5. Suggest a possible future experiment to investigate if/how this ligand has an effect on the cells you tested (200 words maximum). Be bold and creative here and try to push yourself beyond, try different concentrations. To see if and how the ligand influences the cells, one way is to assay Wnt-responsive gene product, e.g. ÃŽ ²-catenin, by Western blotting. After Bradford assay determining protein concentration in cell lysate, run a SDS-PAGE gel and transfer the gel onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Analyse the membrane with primary antibody against ÃŽ ²-catenin, then incubate with corresponding secondary antibody. It is possible to add an inhibitory component of the Wnt signalling pathway, for example Apc protein (Albert et al, 2015) that binds to ÃŽ ²-catenin and induces its degradation. Wnt-responsive genes should be kept silence by Croucho bound to transcription regulator LEF1/TCF.

The Stolen Bacillus by H.G. Wells Essay -- Stolen Bacillus Wells Essay

The Stolen Bacillus by H.G. Wells This is a story set in the 19th century people had dress codes which reflected your status in society. The dress code was formal and quite severe it was almost as if the longer your top hat the higher up the rank you are in importance in society. In this story we meet a man who wants to help the society and quality of living whereas the other wants to destroy order as he is what’s known as an anarchist. This is someone who is feels that people should be responsible for there own actions and decisions meaning they govern their own lives. In the 19th century anarchists were seen as political agitators and sometimes violent. As in this story where we will see a man desperate and willing to go to extremes to get his point heard. While the scientist is talking about the bacteria, H.G Wells makes him talk about it as if it is a human and that it is like us. This is shown when he says, â€Å"he would wait ready to be drunk in the horse troughs†. By comparing the bacteria to humans the author is trying to enforce the point that it is smarter than the average bacteria it is as complex and technically as dangerous as a human. The scientist is an idealistic and when the anarchist paid so much interest into what he was doing he started to show off. He spoke about his new cholera which is very harmful to a man he has just met, which is indeed not a clever thing to do is. The scientist is an idealist and is out to do well in the world and improve living conditions of people. The scientist is not a man out to make money, just simply wants to be famous. When the chase is on it was funny to see the ridiculousness of this rabbit hunt round London. Even though this story had some serious... ... them. She wanted the scientist to put on his coat on a hot summers day. When he refused she became frustrated. The cabbies are another group of people in this story which shows the reality that this story is set in with their harsh cockney accents and they just represent the everyday people in this story. The scientist has to rely on people which would be classed as inferior to save the predicament he put himself in. These cabbies bring a lot of humour to the story. In this story H.G Wells is trying to get the point across those politicians and scientists aren’t as clever as they think they are and they also take themselves to seriously and so therefore make mistakes. In the Victorian era they believed they could improve man though industrial advancement this was achieved by individual successes like the scientist and through agreed religious ideas. The Stolen Bacillus by H.G. Wells Essay -- Stolen Bacillus Wells Essay The Stolen Bacillus by H.G. Wells This is a story set in the 19th century people had dress codes which reflected your status in society. The dress code was formal and quite severe it was almost as if the longer your top hat the higher up the rank you are in importance in society. In this story we meet a man who wants to help the society and quality of living whereas the other wants to destroy order as he is what’s known as an anarchist. This is someone who is feels that people should be responsible for there own actions and decisions meaning they govern their own lives. In the 19th century anarchists were seen as political agitators and sometimes violent. As in this story where we will see a man desperate and willing to go to extremes to get his point heard. While the scientist is talking about the bacteria, H.G Wells makes him talk about it as if it is a human and that it is like us. This is shown when he says, â€Å"he would wait ready to be drunk in the horse troughs†. By comparing the bacteria to humans the author is trying to enforce the point that it is smarter than the average bacteria it is as complex and technically as dangerous as a human. The scientist is an idealistic and when the anarchist paid so much interest into what he was doing he started to show off. He spoke about his new cholera which is very harmful to a man he has just met, which is indeed not a clever thing to do is. The scientist is an idealist and is out to do well in the world and improve living conditions of people. The scientist is not a man out to make money, just simply wants to be famous. When the chase is on it was funny to see the ridiculousness of this rabbit hunt round London. Even though this story had some serious... ... them. She wanted the scientist to put on his coat on a hot summers day. When he refused she became frustrated. The cabbies are another group of people in this story which shows the reality that this story is set in with their harsh cockney accents and they just represent the everyday people in this story. The scientist has to rely on people which would be classed as inferior to save the predicament he put himself in. These cabbies bring a lot of humour to the story. In this story H.G Wells is trying to get the point across those politicians and scientists aren’t as clever as they think they are and they also take themselves to seriously and so therefore make mistakes. In the Victorian era they believed they could improve man though industrial advancement this was achieved by individual successes like the scientist and through agreed religious ideas.

Round-Trip Copper Reactions Lab Report

AP Chemistry 12/13/11 Round-Trip Copper Reactions Lab The purpose of this lab was to evaluate our skills of decanting a supernatant liquid without losing the solid and successful completion of a series of reactions. This was done through five chemical reactions involving copper. In this lab, elemental copper was put through five different chemical reactions in order to convert it into different compounds. By the end of the fifth reaction, the copper was back to its elemental state. In the first reaction, 0. 95 g of pure copper was reacted with 4. 0 mL of concentrated nitric acid under the fume hood. The solution was swirled until all of the copper had dissolved. The balanced equation for this reaction is as follows: Cu (s) + 4HNO3 (aq) a Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) When the nitric acid came into contact with the solid copper, a brown gas was immediately released into the fume hood. This brown gas was nitrogen dioxide as the balanced equation above shows. As the copper dissolved, the solution slowly turned blue because of the copper ions. In the second reaction, distilled water was added to the copper (II) nitrate solution until the beaker was half full. Then, 30 mL of 3. M sodium hydroxide was added to the solution. The balanced equation for this reaction is as follows: Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) a Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq) When sodium hydroxide was added to the copper (II) nitrate solution, a bright blue gel-like precipitate was formed instantly. This precipitate was copper (II) hydroxide. The precipitate was blue because of the copper ions. In the third reaction, the c opper (II) hydroxide solution was heated above a Bunsen burner. Continual stirring was required to reduce the â€Å"bumping†, or formation of bubbles that release gas very quickly that have the potential to cause injury. The balanced equation for this reaction is as follows: Cu(OH)2 (s) a CuO (s) + H2O (l) When the solution was heated, the bright blue precipitate slowly began to darken, at first by showing flakes of black, then eventually turning completely black. This is due to the copper reacting with oxygen, or oxidizing. The black precipitate was allowed to settle and then the supernatant, the clear liquid that lies above a precipitate, was decanted, or poured carefully off. Then, 200 mL of hot distilled water was added and the precipitate was allowed to settle to repeat the decanting process again. In the fourth reaction, 15 mL of 6. 0 M sulfuric acid was added to the copper (II) oxide while stirring. The balanced equation for this reaction is as follows: CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) a CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l) + SO2 (g) When the sulfuric acid was added to copper (II) oxide, the solution turned blue. This was due to the formation of aqueous copper (II) sulfate, which produced the copper ions to change the color of the solution. In the fifth reaction, 2. 29 g of zinc was added to the copper (II) sulfate solution under the fume hood. The balanced equation for this reaction is written as followed: Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) a ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) When the zinc was added to the copper (II) sulfate solution, the solution started to bubble. As the solution was stirred, it turned a cloudy blue. Small flecks of a brown solid were visible. As the solution became colorless, the brown solid settled to the bottom of the beaker. The solid formed was copper in its elemental state. The color faded from the solution as the copper ions slowly formed into solid copper. The copper was poured into a funnel with filter paper and washed three times with 25 mL of distilled water and ethanol. In order to dry the copper, it was placed on a watch glass weighing 29. 91 g over a beaker half full of water on a hot plate. One the copper appeared to be dry, the beaker was removed from the hot plate and allowed to cool. The copper was massed on the watch glass and was recorded as 30. 79 g. This was left to sit overnight and was massed again the next and recorded as 30. 77 g. By subtracting the mass of the watch glass from the final mass of the copper and watch glass, the mass of the copper was obtained and recorded as 0. 86 g. In conclusion, the percent yield of copper from the original copper was calculated to be 90. % by the formula: actual x 100 = percent yield theoretical 0. 86 g x 100 = 90. 5% 0. 95 g In theory, the amount of copper at the end of the lab should have been the same amount that was started out with. Due to decanting and changing containers, some of the mass was lost. The calculated percent yield above is fairly accurate considering that some of the mass was los t during decanting and transferring the copper from the filter paper onto the watch glass.

Rosalind and Celia respond Essays

Rosalind and Celia respond Essays Rosalind and Celia respond Paper Rosalind and Celia respond Paper Rosalind and Celia respond to the antics of their fathers positively, by promising to each other that theyll stand by each other religiously through the hard times that are facing them, causing them both to flee from the court together. This united type behavior form the cousins shows the audience that this love is extremely solid and their love for each other is cannot be doubted. This is shown when Celia responds to her fathers actions by saying to Rosalind in Act 1 Scene 3: Prithee, be cheerful. Knowst thou not the duke Hath banished me, his daughter? Furthermore Rosalind and Celia decide to overcome their complications by fleeing to the Forest of Ardenne to find refuge. This seems to work dividends, as when they are in the forest the pair seems more relaxed and joyful than they were when they were generating tentative feelings back at the court. This is shown through the way they act more freely and seem more comfortable expressing their views on topics than they were in the court. They also becoming more suspect to falling in love, and this shows in the way they fall in love with Orlando and Oliver. All this makes one presume that pastoral romance is in progress with this pair. A different type of alliance is show using Adam the servant and Orlando in the play As You Like It. Between these two characters is dutiful love shown from both sides. The obstacle that this exact relationships faces is down to the misbehavior shown from Orlandos brother Oliver, who Adam says is plotting to kill Orlando. The pair then address this situation in the same way as Celia and Rosalind did, by escaping in to the forest. This is where Adams dutiful love is evident when he swears allegiance to Orlando in Act 2 Scene 3 by saying: Here is the gold. All this I give you. Let me be your servant. Theses words are very strong, as Adam shows he will give Orlando everything he has even his fortunes just so that Orlando is able to be content and safe. Further on in the play Orlando also shows loyalty pointing to Adam. This dutiful love is expressed in the way Orlando carries Adam in to shelter and vows to find his poorly servant food; he even makes a fool of himself in front of Duke Senior and his Lords purely in attempting to find his loyal servant some much-needed food. This dutiful love shown on Orlandos part can be seen in the way he tells Adam in Act 2 Scene 6: Come, I will bear thee to some shelter, and thou shalt not die for lack of a dinner if there live anything in this desert Once again you can say that the concept of pastoral romance has left this pair living happily ever after as it looks to have solved all their problems, which they have now left at the court. A different relationship represented in As You Like It is that of Silvius and Phoebe. In this relationship the love is not shared from Phoebe in contrast to Silvius who seems to be suffering much grief and pain due to his immense and obsessive love for Phoebe. Both characters face their dispute concerning their conflicting views by becoming frustrated, Silvius because he cannot obtain Phoebes love and Phoebe because of Silvius constant pleas for her to welcome his fondness for her. The evidence to show that Phoebe does not show the same affection for Silvius can be seen when she comments on how much shed rather not be in a romantic relationship with Silvius in Act 3 Scene 5 by saying to Celia (dressed as Ganymede): Sweet youth, I pray you chide a year together. I had rather hear you chide than this man woo. This idea that Silvius is suffering thanks to the elements of love is very similar to the objectives of courtly love. Obviously this situation proves problematic for it to be possible for Silviuss and Pheobes relationship to advance, but a few twists occurring at the end of the play enable this couple to surprisingly tie the knot. The events which engineer Silvius and Phoebe to come together can be argued to be thanks to the pastoral romance theme, which is seen on a frequent basis in this play. This is true as pastoral romance is well known for its characters in disguise and its the disguise of Rosalind (Ganymede) that actually plays the vital role in bringing Silvius and Phoebe together. Thanks to Rosalinds slyness Silvius finally is able to be with Phoebe and it seems that she shows some genuine affection towards Silvius. This is noticeable when she says in Act 5 Scene 4 to Silvius: I will not eat my word. Now thou art mine, Thy faith my fancy to thee doth combine. A relationship that does not develop until the tail end of the play As You Like It is between that of Oliver and Celia. Celia who is dressed up as Aliena looks to fall in love with Oliver at first sight and these provides an ironic end for the character Celia in the play. This is an accurate observation, because during the play Celia is seen teasing her dear friend Rosalind about the hastiness about her love for Orlando. This is another classic example of how pastoral romance is a striking feature of the play, because even though Celia has been ridiculing Rosalind love for Orlando it seems that even she is eventually bewitched by the powers of the countryside air and decides to marry a man whom she has just met. A unique relationship in the play is that of Pheobe and Ganymede. This is correct, as Phoebe is falling for Rosalind in disguise, without being informed. The relationship between these two characters is a clear example of the courtly love evident in As You Like It, because of the agony and frustration, which Pheobe endures due to her love Ganymede. Ganymede reacts to Phoebe;s attempts to win her heart by saying in Act 3 Scene 5: I pray you, do not fall in love with me, For I am falser than vows made in wine. This dismissal of Phoebes love on Ganymedes part shows that Ganymede has no interest in Phoebe at all, but despite this in true courtly love fashion Phoebes decides to persist with her quest to win Ganymedes heart. In the end their relationship disintergrates when Phoebe says in Act 5 Scene 4: If sight and shape be true, Why then, my love adieu. The most influential relationship in the whole of the play is beyond doubt that of between Rosalind and Orlando. This is true, as this relationship seems to dictate the course of the storyline. This relationship falls down heavily in to the elements of stereotypical pastoral romantic stories. This is correct, as Orlando seems to endure a lot of agony and pain over the course of the play. I will finish this later In conclusion I believe Shakespeare has shown us that men actually behave in the same way as women when in love. The evidence ot prove this is the behaviour of most characters in the play. Most of these characters endure large amounts of suffering.

s Sexuality

Women’s Sexuality The lecturer, Shannen Farell, from the Sonoma County Health Department, made a lot of good comments about women’s sexuality. Her main focus wasn’t really about women in general, I think. It was more focused one the younger teenagers and adults, middle school-aged girls, mostly. One major topic was about the way these girls were dressing in school these days compared to in the past. These 12-13 year old girls make themselves look like they’re 18 with the revealing and provocative clothes they wear. I notice now when I pick up my brother and sister from their middle school, the girls look really smutty. I thought back to when I was in middle school. Everyone was pretty much covered up. Of course, I’m judging them and who knew, it shocked me to know these girls were giving oral sex, at that age? These kids are learning these way too fast. I barely even heard about kissing in my school, and this wasn’t too long ago. Shannen also talked about how the media sexualizes women. Lately, and in the last couple of years, I think MTV especially, has sexualized us all. Everyone wants to be hot and sexy. MTV portrays a lot of sex and drugs in their videos. Kids should not be able to have access to these things. Even reality shows are showing people having sex(mainly college kids) What is that saying to kids about college? Children are also watching very adult sitcoms with a lot of sexually suggestive comments. I think everything on television these days have some kind of sex in them. The adults need to wake up and start taking away these things from kids or at least limit or screen the content. They need to know what their kids are up to and that every little thing they see or hear is going to shape them.... 's Sexuality Free Essays on Women\'s Sexuality Women’s Sexuality The lecturer, Shannen Farell, from the Sonoma County Health Department, made a lot of good comments about women’s sexuality. Her main focus wasn’t really about women in general, I think. It was more focused one the younger teenagers and adults, middle school-aged girls, mostly. One major topic was about the way these girls were dressing in school these days compared to in the past. These 12-13 year old girls make themselves look like they’re 18 with the revealing and provocative clothes they wear. I notice now when I pick up my brother and sister from their middle school, the girls look really smutty. I thought back to when I was in middle school. Everyone was pretty much covered up. Of course, I’m judging them and who knew, it shocked me to know these girls were giving oral sex, at that age? These kids are learning these way too fast. I barely even heard about kissing in my school, and this wasn’t too long ago. Shannen also talked about how the media sexualizes women. Lately, and in the last couple of years, I think MTV especially, has sexualized us all. Everyone wants to be hot and sexy. MTV portrays a lot of sex and drugs in their videos. Kids should not be able to have access to these things. Even reality shows are showing people having sex(mainly college kids) What is that saying to kids about college? Children are also watching very adult sitcoms with a lot of sexually suggestive comments. I think everything on television these days have some kind of sex in them. The adults need to wake up and start taking away these things from kids or at least limit or screen the content. They need to know what their kids are up to and that every little thing they see or hear is going to shape them....

Donner Party Disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Donner Party Disaster - Essay Example Defining the events, circumstances and the effects which occurred can also create a deeper understanding of what occurred and how the matter should be looked into. This will help to justify the tragedy and create an understanding of the dangers that come with traveling to California. The Donner Party disaster began in 1846 with 500 wagons that decided to move west for independence and to be a part of the growth in California. This was based on the ideology of creating a large Catholic community and with the concept of Manifest Destiny as a part of the application. The proposal of route was defined first by George Donner, who was going west to help with re-building a life in which Catholic beliefs could easily be practiced. It was also associated with James Reed who was interested in helping with his wife’s recovery, who was suffering from tuberculosis. The leader of the group through Wyoming was William Russell who set the route for all 500 wagons. This created the first probl em, which was a delay because of an uprising in the river and which caused many to reconsider the approach needed to cross the river (McGlashan, p. 16). This first problem which arose was one of circumstance but what is led to the final outcome of the event. The initial problem with the route was defined when Hastings sent letters to emigrants interested in starting a new wife. The experience which Hastings had also created a recommendation to start a new route and to travel in large groups. However, this explanation didn’t provide information on what the new route should be with most of the territory being unexplored. This was followed by the leaders who tried to work on the trailer, including Donner, Bryant and Jim Bridger. The approach which was taken was to avoid hostile Indians and to take an approach based on an easier route than Hastings took. Similar to the first problem, the decision made by all leaders was based on finding a simpler route and looking for solutions t o the main problem. From this perspective, none can be blamed over the unknown circumstances which were faced. Hastings was also riding ahead with the new trail, specifically to assist with the difficulties; however, the objective of getting over the mountain passes led most with the need to continue to move through the journey. It was the leadership that was based on a difficult journey that led to mishaps and difficulties during the travels (Rarick, p.11). The last consideration to make was when the families began to split on the journey. This is key to the outcome of the tragedy, specifically beginning with the distrust between Reed, Donner and the Eddys. The first problem was circumstantial, specifically because the families had to try to move before the snow fell. The decision to disperse instead of ride together because of the growing distrust was the largest mistake made. This was followed by the families getting stuck in a blizzard, which was also circumstantial and led to t he desperation of those in the mountains to eating each other’s flesh. When looking at the diaries and other pieces of evidence, each points to the blizzard as the main problem, which led to the lack of a crew coming to save the emigrants and a lack of capabilities in trying to move forward (Stewart, p. 21). When looking at the circumstances, it can be seen that there was no fault that took place among those who were trying to make it to the west. The circumstances of weather, taking in a new path and trying to find easier routes for travel were all situations which could not be helped. Holding the Donners or others responsible for the unknown then becomes problematic. This is combined with the misunderstandings of the lack of

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Essay

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - Essay Example The main composition of the NACCP is basically made up of African Americans membership from different parts of the United States numbering over 300,000 (Jonas 107). The NAACP has been instrumental in assisting African Americans achieve their freedom through offering various activities for free. During the early agitation for equal rights for blacks, the NAACP was in the fore front of fighting for recognition of equal right for colored people through the courts. The organization offered free legal aids to fight for the freedom of colored people as well as offer pro-bono legal aid to jailed civil rights leaders. The groups gained prominence in the 1950 and 1960’s by winning several legal battles in the pursuit of equal rights for colored people in the United States. One of the philanthropic ways in which they participated in the fight for African American rights was through establishment of a defense fund. This fund was used in fighting court battles for the emancipation of the rights of black people. ... This board is today comprised of 64 members who ran the organization with a president who is the head of the organization. Several black leaders and civil rights crusaders have worked with NAACP in fighting for equal rights of colored people in America. Politicians such as Rev. Jesse Jackson and Kweisi Mfume are known to have worked with NAACP. NAACP has been instrumental in the US elections in the past and it cannot be ruled that a lot of politicians have used the organization to harbor political ambitions. The NAACP is today very instrumental in several societal issues in the USA and in some cases it has been instrumental in aiding black get prominent roles in the society (Skocpol 93). The organization has been active from the late 1990’s till today were its voice reflects a lot on the feeling and thoughts of colored people in the society. NAACP and Civil Society The NAACP is an organization that has been on the forefront of fighting for the rights of black people. Therefore , it is noteworthy to say that NAACP has helped in the momentum and push for civil society recognition in America. For instance, their legal battle to remove segregation of colored people in the education system and in many spheres in the society has brought great equal freedom in the United States. Its fight has seen the great acceptance of colored people in the United States and colored people have risen to greater heights in the US like President Obama. Large organizations such as the NAACP today have the voice to propel the fight for freedom of greater democratic space for its members (Skocpol 87). For instance, Skocpol in her book argues that organizations like AARP or AFL-CIO have centralized and organized offices to actively fight for rights of their members. She